Ancient light
For over 5,000 years, candles have served as light sources and ceremonial tools. While their exact origins are debated, early forms emerged in multiple ancient civilizations.
Ancient Beginnings & Early Fragrance:
- Ancient Egyptians used rushlights (reed torches) around 3000 BCE. They also used scented oils and incense, hinting at early forms of aromatic candles.
- Ancient Romans developed wicked candles by dipping papyrus in tallow or beeswax around 500 BCE.
- Simultaneously, civilizations in Asia were developing their own candle forms, often incorporating natural aromatics.
Asian Innovations & Natural Scents:
- Ancient Chinese candles were crafted using rolled rice paper wicks in paper tubes, with wax derived from indigenous insects and seeds. Natural aromatics were likely added.
- In Japan, wax was extracted from tree nuts to create candles.
- In India, candle wax was made by boiling the fruit of the cinnamon tree, naturally scenting the candles.
- Candles and oil lamps also played a role in religious ceremonies, where yak butter, vegatable oils and aromatics were often used.
Medieval and Colonial Developments:
- During the Middle Ages, beeswax candles became popular in Europe, offering a cleaner burn than tallow. Natural herbs and spices were sometimes added for fragrance.
- Colonial Americans used bayberry wax, naturally fragrant.
- The whaling industry introduced spermaceti wax, a significant improvement.
19th and 20th Century Advancements & Fragrance Growth:
- The 19th century saw the development of stearin wax and mechanized candle production, making candles more affordable.
- Paraffin wax, derived from petroleum, became the dominant material. The rise of synthetic fragrances allowed for a broader range of scented candles.
- Despite the invention of the lightbulb, candles regained popularity in the mid-20th century.
- The later part of the 20th century saw the exponential growth of scented candles, with a massive expansion in available scents and styles. Aromatherapy became a major influence.
- The 1990's saw the rise of new waxes, and further growth of the fragrance candle market.
Modern Day:
Today, candles are used for ambiance, decoration, aromatherapy, and ceremonial purposes, reflecting a rich and evolving history, with fragrance playing a central role.